Philolgos
Bible Prophecy Research
Submitted by: research-bpr@philologos.org
Update: April 06, 2001

Eclipse Path Contents

August 11, 1999 Eclipse Path
Austria

1. There are famous salt deposits that have long been worked, as well as gold, copper, and iron mines. Precious stones are also found there. Salzburg province is a scenic area noted for its numerous Alpine resorts and spas. Picturesquely situated on both banks of the Salzach River, the city is bounded by two steep hills, the Capuzinerberg (left bank) and the Monchsberg, on the southern tip of which is the 11th-century fortress of Hohensalzburg (right bank). By c.798 Salzburg was the seat of an archbishopric, and for almost 1,000 years it was the residence of the autocratic archbishops of Salzburg, the leading ecclesiastics of the German-speaking world. They became princes of the Holy Roman Empire in 1278 and wielded their power with extreme intolerance. In the late 15th cent. the Jews were expelled, and in 1731–32 some 30,000 Protestants migrated to Prussia after a period of severe persecution.

2. The city of Salzburg is an architectural gem. Its most noteworthy buildings are a late 7th-century Benedictine abbey, which was for many years the center of missionary activities; the Franciscan church, consecrated in 1223; the early 17th-century cathedral, modeled after St. Peter's in Rome; the Residenz (16th–18th cent.), formerly the archiepiscopal palace; Mirabell castle (early 18th cent.), situated in a beautiful garden; and the Festspielhaus (1960), the city's chief concert hall. The city's university (founded 1623), except for its theological seminary, was closed in 1810 but was reopened in 1963. The Salzburg Seminar in American Studies is centered in Schloss Leopoldskron (18th cent.), a rococo castle.

3. First mention of Jews in 1282. In 1267 the district council prescribed for Jewish males the wearing of a horn-shaped hat, and forbade their visiting Christian baths and employing Christian domestics. Desecrating the Host, many burned at the stake; the rest driven out of the city and property confiscated. 1418 council extends regulation on wearing of distinctive hat for Jewish males to Jewish women as well, ordering that bells also be attached to their garments. 1429 Archbishop John II invites Jewish refugees from surrounding towns. 1439 a new synagogue was constructed in the city. 1498 Jews accused of having stolen a sacred object of the church; as a result synagogues of both Hallein and Salzburg destroyed and Jews banished in perpetuity from the archbishopric. At that same time, a wooden image of a sow with Jewish children nursing from it was set up in the town hall. Later reproduced in marble, the figures were not removed until 1785. 1867 full equality granted. 1893 new synagogue was dedicated. After the Anschluss almost all Jews were deported; in November 1938 the synagogue was destroyed and the cemetery desecrated. After World War II Salzburg served as a center for some 200,000 Jewish displaced persons. In 1953 a community was reestablished, and in 1968 the newly rebuilt synagogue was rededicated. The Salzburg university library houses a significant collection of Hebrew manuscripts.

1. The oldest known arms of Ried were granted on May 5, 1435, by Duke Heinrich IV of Bavaria, to which the area then belonged (the letter of patent still exists). The arms show in the upper part the arms of Bavaria, and in the lower part a shoe. The shoe is taken from the local story that Ried was founded by a miller's son. The shoe is supposedly a miller's shoe. The arms were still used on a seal from 1777, but after 1779, when Austria acquired the area, the arms were changed. The new seal of Ried, which dates from 1781, shows instead of the Bavarian diamonds, three red pales in silver, taken from the arms of Oberösterreich. The show in the lower part was replaced by a twig with three leaves. The latter was derived from the Anhanger family, who played a major role in the history of the town. When Ried received city rights in 1857, the arms were changed again. The new arms were granted on March 16, 1859 and are still in use. Instead of the pales, the Austrian eagle was placed in the upper part. The three other symbols were taken from the older arms.

1. It is a famous spa. After 1822 it was the summer residence of the Austrian imperial family. Emperor Francis Joseph signed (1914) his declaration of war on Serbia there.

1. On the Traun River. It is an industrial and rail center and an agricultural market. Nearby are natural gas wells. A town in Roman times, Wels later became a stronghold against the Avars and the Magyars.

2. Noteworthy buildings include the parish church and the castle where Emperor Maximilian I died in 1519.

1. Capital of Upper Austria, NW Austria, a major port on the Danube River. It is a commercial and industrial center and a rail junction. Originally a Roman settlement called Lentia, Linz was made a provincial capital of the Holy Roman Empire in the late 15th cent.

2.. The city has numerous historic structures, including the Romanesque Church of St. Martin (8th cent.); the baroque old cathedral (17th cent.); the city hall (17th cent.); the baroque bishop's palace (1721–26); and the new neo-Gothic cathedral (19th–20th cent.). The Provincial Museum in Linz contains paintings, folk art, and Roman artifacts.

3. Jewish moneylenders recorded in Linz in 1304. Accused of desecrating the Host in 1338. Local persecution in 1371.Expelled in 1421, and in 1426 synagogue turned into a church. New synagogue opened in 1877. Nov. 10, 1938, synagogue burned down by the S.S.; remaining Jews arrested and ordered to leave within three days for Vienna. Nazis claimed Jews must leave town because it was the capital of the province of Hitler's birth. Jewish shops were not looted because they had already been "Aryanized." Shortly after the end of the war, 2,400 Jewish refugees were housed in the nearby Bindermichen camp. October 1957, an anti-Semitic demonstration was sparked off by a performance of "The Diary of Anne Frank." A new synagogue was consecrated in 1968.

1. Upper Austria prov., central Austria, on the Enns and Steyr rivers. It has been an ironworking center since the Middle Ages.

2. Among Steyr's numerous well-preserved historic buildings are Lamberg castle (10th cent.; rebuilt in the 18th cent.) and a Gothic parish church of the 15th–16th cent.

1. On the Mur River. An industrial center in a coal-mining region. An armistice between France and Austria, preliminary to the Treaty of Campo Formio, was signed (1797) at Leoben to conclude Napoleon I's victorious Italian campaign.

1. At the confluence of the Mur and the Mürz rivers. Manufactures include metal products and paper; Bruck is an important rail junction in the region. It was founded in 1263 by King Ottocar II of Bohemia.

2. There is a 15th-century Gothic church in the city.

1. Capital of Styria prov., on the Mur River. The second largest city in Austria. Probably founded in the 12th cent. The Landhaus [provincial parliament] dates from the 16th cent.

2. Built around the Schlossberg, a mountain peak, on which are the ruins of a 15th-century fortress and the famous Uhrturm [clock tower]. The city has a 15th-century Gothic cathedral; several medieval churches (13th–15th cent.); and a twin-naved Gothic parish church that contains Tintoretto's Assumption of the Virgin. The Johanneum museum (founded 1811) is one of the finest provincial museums in Austria. The new university (built 1890–95) is noted for medical studies. Emperor Ferdinand II is buried in Graz.

3. Considered one of the oldest Jewish settlements in Austria. Expelled in 1439, returned by 1447. Expelled in 1496 and almost four centuries passed before there was again a formal settlement of Jews in the town. 1895 synagogue dedicated. Anti-Zionism of leaders was pronounced, but a large influx of refugees from Eastern Europe in wake of World War I strengthened Zionist movement considerably, and in 1919, Zionists gained majority in the community. The Jews in Graz were socially segregated, and in the later 1930s Graz was a center of Austrian National Socialism (known as the "capital of the insurrection" after 1938). Immediately after the Anschluss (March 12, 1938), the Jewish cemetery was desecrated. Local functionaries were anxious to make Graz the first town to be Judenrein. Nov. 9–10 (Kristallnacht), synagogue dynamited and burned to the ground. More than 300 Jews were taken to Dachau concentration camp, to be released three weeks later. All Jewish residents driven from their homes, and some 80% found temporary asylum. Their subsequent fate is unknown, though most perished in the Holocaust. After World War II, 110 Jews settled in Graz. A small synagogue in a communal center built on the site of the synagogue ruins was consecrated in 1968.

1. It is an industrial and rail center. Founded in 1192, Wiener Neustadt was the birthplace of Emperor Maximilian I (1459–1519). The city was severely damaged in World War II; it has since been extensively reconstructed.

2. The 12th-century castle of the Babenbergs, dukes of Austria, became a military academy in 1752.

3. Jews were living there soon after city's foundation in 1192. Important yeshivah during 15th century. Expelled in 1496. Synagogue converted to a church. Not allowed to stay overnight. Permission to open a cemetery was not granted until 1889. A Moorish-style synagogue was built in 1902. During Kristallnacht (Nov. 9–10, 1938) homes, furniture, and bank accounts of Jews were confiscated by the S.A.; Jews who did not emigrate expelled or transported to Vienna.

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